Ecological and Human Health Risks of Metal–PAH Combined Pollution in Riverine and Coastal Soils of Southern Russia

The floodplains and seacoasts of southern Russia are characterized by urbanization, developed agriculture, rapidly developing industries. Anthropogenic activity leads to the long-term release pollutants into environment, which threatens stability ecosystems public health. study aimed assess ecological human health risks posed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in topsoils Taganrog Bay coast Lower Don floodplain. Concentrations PTEs PAHs were measured using X-ray fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Except for comparatively most Cd, ranged from low moderate, risk factors indicated a PTEs. cumulative was low. Zn, As, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) dangerous pollutants, with concentrations 1–2 orders magnitude higher than maximum permissible (MPCs). Mostly sandy soils high very individual pollution since they have more stringent quality standards due their lower resistance contamination. Significant concern is caused total contamination PAHs. A comparison equivalent quotient MPC BaP showed or two-thirds samples. non-carcinogenic adults region negligible, whereas children Dermal contact contributed significant risk. Only combined intake poses substantial children. Over research area, carcinogenic surpasses threshold, indicating risk, As being important contributor. results that pose greater potential PTEs, opposite trend observed relation negative impacts on In this regard, taking account influence different types components allows comprehensive assessments.